Bone Growth Stimulators: How They Work, Costs, and Do They Speed Up Healing?

Bone fractures can take weeks or even months to heal, depending on the fracture site, bone type, and the patient’s overall health. While the body has a natural healing process, some fractures struggle to mend due to poor blood supply, severe injury, or conditions like osteoporosis. In such cases, a bone growth stimulator can help accelerate healing by using electromagnetic, electrical, or ultrasound signals to encourage bone regeneration.

Bone growth stimulators are commonly recommended for patients with nonunion fractures, delayed healing, or those recovering from spinal fusion surgery. These devices work by stimulating bone cells, improving circulation, and enhancing mineralization, making them an effective option for individuals who experience slow fracture healing.

In this guide, we explore how these devices work, their effectiveness, types, cost, safety, and what the science says — so you know exactly if it’s the right treatment for your recovery.

How Does a Bone Growth Stimulator Work?

A bone growth stimulator delivers targeted energy through electromagnetic, electrical, or ultrasound waves directly to the fracture site. The goal is to stimulate osteoblast activity, the cells responsible for producing new bone tissue. This process supports the healing process naturally by encouraging cell regeneration and improving blood circulation around the injury.

Research published in the Journal of Orthopaedic Research provides deeper insights into this process, revealing that electromagnetic stimulation specifically boosts the release of essential growth factors and enhances communication between cells. As a result, bones heal faster and stronger because the cells involved in repair become more active and blood flow around the fracture improves.

There are two main types of devices:

• External devices are worn over the skin
• Implanted stimulators are placed during surgery for severe cases

External versions are the most common. Most models resemble lightweight straps or wraps, making them easy for patients to use daily at home.

Types of Bone Growth Stimulators

Not all bone stimulators are the same – different technologies target bone healing in unique ways. The most common types include:

Electrical Bone Growth Stimulators

These devices send a low electrical current to the fracture site, encouraging bone formation. They are available in:

• External electrical stimulators: Worn on the skin, often used for nonunion fractures.
• Implanted electrical stimulators: Surgically placed inside the body for severe fractures or spinal fusion recovery.

Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) Therapy

PEMF stimulators use low-frequency electromagnetic waves to promote bone growth. This non-invasive therapy is commonly used for:

• Fractures that show slow healing.
• Post-surgical recovery, including spinal fusion.
• Athletes with stress fractures.

Ultrasound Bone Growth Stimulators

Ultrasound bone growth stimulators use low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) to enhance fracture healing. A widely recognized example is the EXOGEN Bone Stimulator, which has been clinically proven to speed up healing, particularly in stubborn nonunion fractures.

Ultrasound bone growth stimulators are commonly used for:

• Scaphoid fractures, often heal slowly due to limited blood supply.
• Wrist and foot fractures, where precision-targeted therapy is needed.
• Patients with osteoporosis, where ultrasound waves help improve bone density.

A 2022 case series published in the journal Trauma Care reported that LIPUS achieved an 89% healing rate in nonunion fractures and a 95% healing rate in fresh fractures. Importantly, the study found no adverse effects, even among patients with internal fixation or infections, confirming that LIPUS therapy is both safe and effective for fracture healing.

Combined Magnetic Field (CMF) Stimulators

CMF stimulators use a combination of static and pulsed electromagnetic fields to support bone healing. This technology is commonly used for:

• Tough-to-heal fractures like tibial nonunions
• Patients who need a non-invasive option to avoid surgery
• Cases where treatment starts within six months of injury for better outcomes

When Is a Bone Growth Stimulator Recommended?

Doctors recommend bone growth stimulators for:

• Nonunion fractures (bones that won’t heal naturally)
• Delayed fracture healing
• Post-surgical recovery (especially after fusion surgeries)
• High-risk patients: smokers, diabetics, or those with osteoporosis
• Athletes needing faster recovery from injury

Common sites treated include the foot, leg, wrist, shoulder, and spine — all prone to complications due to limited blood supply or movement.

Does a Bone Growth Stimulator Really Work?

• Effectiveness for Nonunion (Severe) Fractures

Bone growth stimulators have shown strong evidence of effectiveness for fractures that fail to heal naturally (known as nonunion fractures).

 In a large 2024 study from Current Medical Research and Opinion, researchers analyzed real-world results from more than 11,000 people with nonunion fractures. They found that patients who used bone stimulators were less likely to need surgery (13.1%) compared to those who didn’t (18.7%). Patients using bone stimulators also used fewer pain medications and had lower healthcare costs. 

The study doesn’t claim bone stimulators work perfectly every time, but it does show they can help many people avoid surgery, reduce painkiller use, and lower medical costs. 

Another study found that Combined Magnetic Field (CMF) stimulators were highly effective for healing tough fractures, especially in challenging cases like tibial fractures.  Most patients who started CMF therapy within six months after injury noticed good results. 

Research published in 2022 also supported these findings, reporting an 84% success rate in patients treated with CMF, reducing the need for risky surgical interventions.

However, experts caution that results vary depending on fracture type and timing, and more large-scale studies are needed to fully confirm CMF’s long-term safety and effectiveness.

• Effectiveness for Mild or Acute Fractures

For fresh (acute) or less severe fractures, the benefits of bone stimulators aren’t as clear. 

A review published in Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology found limited evidence supporting their use immediately after a fracture occurs. More high-quality studies are needed to confirm if they help acute fractures heal faster.

Regardless of the fracture type, consistent use is essential. For bone stimulators to work effectively, patients need to use them every day until healing is complete. 

Skipping sessions interrupts the healing process, so if a session is missed, therapy should be resumed as soon as possible.

Because of these considerations, bone stimulators are seen as valuable but selective tools. They’re typically recommended when other treatments haven’t worked or when surgery is risky. 

Careful patient selection and consistent adherence to treatment protocols are crucial to achieve the best results.

PEMF Therapy for Bone Healing and Recovery

PEMF therapy is one of the most versatile options. It works by sending pulsed electromagnetic fields through the body, stimulating bone growth and improving tissue repair. This makes it ideal for both chronic fractures and sports injuries.

Using a PEMF bone growth stimulator has shown promising results in complex fracture cases, especially where conventional treatments fail.

A survey of members of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society found that 45% of surgeons reported using bone stimulators—most commonly PEMF—for complex or delayed-healing fractures. These devices typically involve a coil or collar placed around the fracture site to deliver targeted electromagnetic stimulation.

Recent research further supports the biological basis of this practice. A 2024 review found that PEMF therapy activates bone-healing pathways by stimulating bone-forming cells (osteoblasts), enhancing blood vessels and nerve regeneration, and triggering growth signals essential for bone repair—all of which contribute to accelerated bone formation during recovery.

Bone Growth Stimulator Side Effects and Safety

According to the FDA Bone Stimulator Safety Report, external bone growth stimulators are generally safe with minimal side effects:

• Mild skin irritation is the most common issue, often caused by electrode adhesives or ultrasound gel.
• A tingling sensation or mild discomfort at the treatment site is rare and usually resolves without treatment.
• Rare cases of burns have been reported, mostly due to improper use, such as falling asleep while the device is active.
• Surgical risks apply only to implanted devices, which may lead to infections or surgical complications.
• Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is possible for patients with pacemakers or metal implants, so a doctor’s consultation is recommended before use.

How Much Does a Bone Stimulator Cost?

The cost of bone stimulators varies significantly based on the type, model, and specific features. 

• External bone growth stimulators typically range from $500 to $5,000, depending on the manufacturer and model. 
• For instance, devices like the Orthofix Physio-Stim can cost between $1,500 and $3,500, while the DJO Exogen ranges from $2,000 to $5,000.
•  Implanted bone stimulators, which require surgical implantation, can be more expensive, with costs ranging from $5,000 to over $15,000, depending on the specific device and associated surgical fees.

While the initial cost of bone stimulators can be expensive, research indicates potential long-term savings. A case study involving 11,010 patients with fracture nonunions found that those using bone stimulators had lower average healthcare costs ($21,654) compared to non-users ($29,101) and surgical patients ($35,914). Additionally, stimulator users experienced reduced surgeries and lower opioid use, highlighting both economic and health benefits. 

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What Else Stimulates Bone Growth?

Medications:

• Anabolic Agents: Medications like teriparatide (Forteo) are designed to stimulate bone formation. Teriparatide, a recombinant form of parathyroid hormone, has been shown to enhance bone healing and increase bone mineral density, thereby reducing fracture risk.
  
• Antiresorptive Agents: Bisphosphonates, such as alendronate and risedronate, work by inhibiting bone resorption, leading to a net gain in bone mass. These medications are widely used to lower fracture risk by reducing bone turnover markers to low premenopausal concentrations. ​
  

Nutrition:

• Calcium: Adequate calcium intake is crucial for bone health. The National Osteoporosis Foundation recommends that men aged 50 to 70 get 1,000 mg of calcium daily, while women aged 51 and older and men aged 71 and older should aim for 1,200 mg per day.
  
• Vitamin D: Vitamin D facilitates calcium absorption and is essential for bone mineralization. A daily intake of 800 to 1,000 IU of vitamin D is recommended for adults aged 50 and older to maintain serum vitamin D sufficiency (≥30 ng/mL). 

• Protein: Adequate protein intake provides the amino acids necessary for building and maintaining bone tissue. Protein also stimulates the action of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which promotes bone growth and increases calcium absorption. 

Physical Activity:

• Weight-Bearing Exercises: Engaging in weight-bearing physical activities, such as walking, jogging, and resistance training, has been shown to improve bone density and reduce the likelihood of fractures. These exercises promote osteoblast activity, leading to bone formation and strengthening. 

Lifestyle Factors:

• Avoid Smoking: Smoking has been associated with decreased bone health, potentially due to its inhibitory effects on osteoblast activity. It is considered an independent risk factor for osteoporosis. ​
  
• Limit Alcohol Consumption: Excessive alcohol intake (greater than three units per day) may increase the risk of osteoporosis. Moderation is advised to maintain bone health. ​

Incorporating these strategies can significantly contribute to bone growth and overall skeletal health.

How to Use a Bone Growth Stimulator for Best Results?

For optimal results, consistent daily use is crucial when using a bone growth stimulator. These devices work by sending electromagnetic or ultrasound signals to stimulate bone healing, but the key to success is ensuring your bone tissue receives repeated regular exposure.

Here’s how to maximize effectiveness:

• Follow the Prescribed Duration: Most PEMF (Pulsed Electromagnetic Field) devices are prescribed for around 3 hours daily, typically through wearable coils or pads placed over the fracture site, cast, or brace.
  
• Increase Usage in Difficult Cases: Recent studies suggest that longer daily use may speed up healing. One study of 1,382 nonunion patients showed that 9 hours of daily PEMF use reduced healing time by 76 days compared to 3 hours daily.
  
• Start Early in Complex Fractures: Experts recommend early application in fractures that are slow to heal or at high risk for complications. Early use increases the chances of successful healing and can be cost-effective.
  
• Place the Device Correctly: The external stimulator should be placed directly over the fracture site daily, with sessions lasting from 20 minutes up to several hours, depending on your device and doctor’s prescription. 

Conclusion

Bone growth stimulators offer a non-invasive way to support fracture healing, especially for complex cases like nonunion fractures, scaphoid injuries, and post-surgical recovery.   

While current research shows promising results, it’s important to understand that bone stimulators are not a one-size-fits-all solution. Most experts agree that more high-quality research is needed to definitively prove when and how these devices should be used. 

They are typically recommended for high-risk patients or fractures that struggle to heal with standard treatment. If you’re considering a bone growth stimulator, speak with your doctor to see if it fits your recovery plan.

While technologies like electrical, ultrasound, and PEMF all show potential, PEMF therapy stands out for its added benefits — improving circulation, reducing inflammation, and supporting overall recovery.

Wondering which option gives you the flexibility to recover at home while enjoying these full-body benefits? Recovery Systems Bio-Mats Qi Series combines PEMF and far-infrared therapy, making them a powerful tool for faster healing, pain relief, and long-term bone health — all from the comfort of your home.

Explore the Recovery Systems Bio-Mats here to make recovery part of your daily routine.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How fast does it heal fractures?

Most fractures show improvement within 3-6 months of consistent use.

Is PEMF good for bones?

Yes — it improves bone density, boosts healing, and reduces inflammation.

What’s the best treatment for scaphoid fractures?

 ​The optimal treatment for scaphoid fractures depends on the fracture’s location and severity. Non-displaced fractures often heal with casting, while displaced fractures may require surgical intervention. In some cases, especially when blood supply is limited, doctors may recommend using a bone growth stimulator for scaphoid fractures to support healing and reduce the risk of nonunion.

Does PEMF stimulate stem cells?

Preliminary studies indicate that PEMF therapy can stimulate stem cells, enhancing their proliferation and differentiation into bone-forming cells (osteoblasts). This effect contributes to faster bone regeneration, making PEMF a promising therapy not only for bone healing but also for regenerative medicine applications where stem cell activation is critical.

What’s the ideal PEMF frequency for bone healing?
The best and most researched PEMF frequencies for wound healing are between 10 Hz and 50 Hz. This range helps reduce inflammation, improve blood flow, and support tissue repair. Frequencies up to 75 Hz may work well for deeper or more stubborn wounds.

Do Bone Stimulators Work for Scaphoid or Foot Fractures? 

Bone stimulators are underutilized but potentially effective for scaphoid and foot fractures, especially in nonunion cases. Emerging evidence suggests they deserve greater consideration in orthopedic care plans to improve healing and reduce invasive procedures.

Can a TENS Unit Stimulate Bone Growth?

No — a TENS unit is designed for pain management, not bone growth. While it uses electrical currents, its frequency and intensity aren’t strong enough to trigger osteoblast activity or promote bone healing.

 What is the success rate of bone stimulators for feet?

While specific studies on foot fractures are limited, clinical data indicate that bone stimulators achieve success rates between 70% and 75% in treating nonunion fractures across various body sites. Given the foot’s complex structure and limited blood supply, doctors often recommend PEMF or ultrasound stimulators to improve healing and avoid surgery.

Does a bone stimulator help heal broken bones?

Yes, a bone stimulator helps heal broken bones by sending electrical, electromagnetic, or ultrasound signals directly to the fracture site. This stimulates bone-forming cells (osteoblasts), enhances blood flow, and accelerates the bone healing process.

Does PEMF help wound healing?

Yes, PEMF helps wound healing by improving blood circulation, reducing inflammation, and stimulating cellular repair. Studies show that PEMF therapy supports both soft tissue and bone healing, making it effective for complex wounds and injuries.

Does PEMF speed healing?

Yes, PEMF speeds healing by activating bone and tissue repair pathways. It stimulates osteoblasts, enhances blood flow, and reduces inflammation, helping fractures and soft tissues heal faster.

How do you stimulate fracture healing?

You can stimulate fracture healing through consistent use of bone growth stimulators, adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D, weight-bearing exercises (once approved), and avoiding smoking. PEMF or ultrasound therapy also helps activate bone-forming cells and improve blood supply.

How long do you wear a bone stimulator? 

The duration depends on your doctor’s prescription and the device type. Most patients wear a bone stimulator daily for 20 minutes to several hours, typically over 3 to 6 months, until the fracture heals.   

What is a bone stimulator for the leg?

A bone stimulator for the leg is a device used to heal leg fractures, especially when healing is delayed or at risk of nonunion. It sends electromagnetic or ultrasound waves to the fracture site to stimulate bone growth and speed up recovery. 

What is a bone stimulator for the shoulder?

A bone stimulator for the shoulder helps treat fractures or nonunion in the shoulder area. It works by delivering targeted energy to activate bone-forming cells, improve blood flow, and promote healing without surgery.  

What is a bone stimulator for the wrist?

A wrist bone stimulator is intended for the treatment of fractures that experience slow healing, like scaphoid fractures. It utilizes electromagnetic or ultrasound signals to promote bone healing and decrease the likelihood of nonunion.

What is the average cost of a bone stimulator?

The average cost of a bone stimulator ranges from $500 to $5,000 for external devices. Implanted bone stimulators can cost $5,000 to over $15,000, depending on the device type and surgical fees.

How long does it take for a fracture to heal with electrical stimulation?

With consistent electrical stimulation, most fractures show improvement within 3 to 6 months. Healing time varies based on fracture severity, location, and how early treatment begins.